Physiolibrary.Fluid.Examples

Examples that demonstrate usage of the Pressure flow components

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.ExamplesPackage (Icon for packages containing runnable examples).

Package Content

Name	Description
MinimalCirculation	Minimal circulation models driven by cardiac output
Windkessel_2element	Two-element Windkessel model
Windkessel_3element	Three-element windkessel model
Windkessel_4element	Four-element windkessel model
CardiovascularSystem_GCG	Cardiovascular part of Guyton-Coleman-Granger's model from 1972
Utilities	Utility components used by package Examples
Kofranek2014	Models of cardiovascular system used in www.physiome.cz/atlas
Fernandez2013	Model of CVS introduced by Fernandez de Canete et al. 2013
MeursModel2011	Models of cardiovascular system used in www.physiome.cz/atlas
Dialysis
AirWaterSaturation	Human respiration model
BloodGasesEquilibrium
MinimalRespiration	Minimal respiration model
MeanRespiration	Non-oscilating ventilation model
BloodGasesTransport	Transport of O2 and CO2 through respiration and circulation in human body
SimpleRespiration	Human respiration model
Respiration	Human respiration model
CapillaryMembrane

Physiolibrary.Fluid.Examples.MinimalCirculation

Minimal circulation models driven by cardiac output

Information

Minimal circulation driven by cardiac output.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Physiolibrary.Fluid.Examples.Windkessel_2element

Two-element Windkessel model

Information

Two-element windkessel model consisting of resistance and compliance element.

Frank O (1899) Die Grundform des arteriellen Pulses. Z Biol 37:483–526
Westerhof, N., Lankhaar, J.-W., & Westerhof, B. E. (2009). The arterial Windkessel. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 47(2), 131–41. doi:10.1007/s11517-008-0359-2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windkessel_effect

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Physiolibrary.Fluid.Examples.Windkessel_3element

Three-element windkessel model

Information

Three-element windkessel model, updated two-element windkessel model with an impedance element. Impedance can be approximated by resistance.

Westerhof N, Elzinga G (1991) Normalized input impedance and arterial decay time over heart period are independent of animal size. Am J Physiol 261:R126–R133
Westerhof, N., Lankhaar, J.-W., & Westerhof, B. E. (2009). The arterial Windkessel. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 47(2), 131–41. doi:10.1007/s11517-008-0359-2

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Physiolibrary.Fluid.Examples.Windkessel_4element

Four-element windkessel model

Information

Four-element windkessel model, updated three-element windkessel model with an inertia element.

Stergiopulos N, Westerhof BE, Westerhof N (1999) Total arterial inertance as the fourth element of the windkessel model. Am J Physiol 276:H81–H88
Westerhof, N., Lankhaar, J.-W., & Westerhof, B. E. (2009). The arterial Windkessel. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 47(2), 131–41. doi:10.1007/s11517-008-0359-2

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Physiolibrary.Fluid.Examples.CardiovascularSystem_GCG

Cardiovascular part of Guyton-Coleman-Granger's model from 1972

Information

Cardiovascular subsystem in famous Guyton-Coleman-Granger model from 1972.

Model, all parameters and all initial values are from article:

A.C. Guyton, T.G. Coleman, H.J. Granger (1972). "Circulation: overall regulation." Annual review of physiology 34(1): 13-44.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Physiolibrary.Fluid.Examples.AirWaterSaturation

Human respiration model

Information

References:

Mecklenburgh, J. S., and W. W. Mapleson. "Ventilatory assistance and respiratory muscle activity. 1: Interaction in healthy volunteers." British journal of anaesthesia 80.4 (1998): 422-433.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
replaceable package Air
TotalResistance	Total lungs pathways resistance [(Pa.s)/m3]
BronchiResistanceFraction
AlveoliDuctResistanceFraction
TracheaResistanceFraction
TracheaResistance	Left Bronchi Resistance [(Pa.s)/m3]
TotalCompliance	Total lungs compliance [m3/Pa]
CoreTemperature	body temperature [K]
EnvironmentTemperature	external air temperature [K]

Connectors

Name	Description
replaceable package Air

Physiolibrary.Fluid.Examples.BloodGasesEquilibrium

Information

This experiment start with default arterial blood surrounding by gas without oxygen.

Almost full hemoglobin deoxygenation is reached during simulation.

Note that the model of blood contains hemoglobin model (including temperature, Bohr and Haldane effect), acid-base model, chloride shift model and water osmolarity equilibration model between blood plasma and red cells.

As a result the relation between current oxygen partial pressure in blood can be observed:

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
replaceable package Air
replaceable package Blood

Connectors

Name	Description
replaceable package Air
replaceable package Blood

Physiolibrary.Fluid.Examples.MinimalRespiration

Minimal respiration model

Information

References:

Mecklenburgh, J. S., and W. W. Mapleson. "Ventilatory assistance and respiratory muscle activity. 1: Interaction in healthy volunteers." British journal of anaesthesia 80.4 (1998): 422-433.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
replaceable package Air
RespirationRate	Respiration rate [Hz]
ResidualVolume	Lungs residual volume [m3]
FunctionalResidualCapacity	Functional residual capacity [m3]
TotalResistance	Total lungs pathways conductance [(Pa.s)/m3]
TotalCompliance	Total lungs compliance [m3/Pa]
Pmin	Relative external lungs pressure minimum caused by respiratory muscles [Pa]
Pmax	Relative external lungs pressure maximum [Pa]
RespiratoryMusclePressureCycle[:, 3]	External lungs pressure during respiration cycle scaled to time period (0,1)
LungsAirVolume_initial	[m3]

Connectors

Name	Description
replaceable package Air

Physiolibrary.Fluid.Examples.MeanRespiration

Non-oscilating ventilation model

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
replaceable package Air
RR	Respiration rate [Hz]
TV	Tidal volume [m3]
DV	Dead space volume [m3]
CO	Cardiac output [m3/s]
cTotalVentilation	[m3/(Pa.s)]
alveolarVolume_start	initial volume of air in alveoli [m3]
alveolarV0	volume of air in alveoli, which does not generate air pressure [m3]
lungCapyVolume_start	initial volume of blood in alveolar capillaries [m3]
lungCapyV0	volume of blood in alveolar capillaries, which does not generate blood pressure [m3]
tissueBloodVolume_start	initial volume of blood in tissues [m3]
tissueV0	volume of blood in tissues, which does not generate blood pressure [m3]
O2_consumption	Tissue consumption of O2 by metabolism [mol/s]
CO2_production	Tissue production of CO2 by metabolism [mol/s]
TotalSystemicConductance	Total systemic blood circulation conductance [m3/(Pa.s)]
NA	Number of pulmonary alveolar units
NT	Number of systemic tissue units

Connectors

Name	Description
replaceable package Air

Physiolibrary.Fluid.Examples.SimpleRespiration

Human respiration model

Information

References:

Mecklenburgh, J. S., and W. W. Mapleson. "Ventilatory assistance and respiratory muscle activity. 1: Interaction in healthy volunteers." British journal of anaesthesia 80.4 (1998): 422-433.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
replaceable package Air
replaceable package PleuralFluid
O2_consumption	Tissue consumption of O2 by metabolism [mol/s]
CO2_production	Tissue production of CO2 by metabolism [mol/s]
EnthalpyNotUsed
IntrathoraxPressure	Intrathorax pressure relative to ambient pressure [Pa]
RespirationRate	Respiration rate [Hz]
ResidualVolume	Lungs residual volume [m3]
TotalLungCapacity	Total Lung Capacity [m3]
BaseTidalVolume	Base Tidal Volume [m3]
LungsAirVolume_initial	Initial volume of alveolar space [m3]
PleuralFluidVolume_initial	Initial volume of pleural fluid volume [m3]
PleuralCavityVolume_initial	Initial volume of pleural cavity [m3]
FunctionalResidualCapacity	Functional residual capacity [m3]
TotalResistance	Total lungs pathways resistance [(Pa.s)/m3]
BronchiResistanceFraction
AlveoliDuctResistanceFraction
TracheaResistanceFraction
TracheaResistance	Left Bronchi Resistance [(Pa.s)/m3]
LeftBronchiResistance	Left Bronchi Resistance [(Pa.s)/m3]
LeftAlveoliResistance	Left Alveoli Resistance [(Pa.s)/m3]
RightBronchiResistance	Right Bronchi Resistance [(Pa.s)/m3]
RightAlveoliResistance	Right Alveoli Resistance [(Pa.s)/m3]
TotalCompliance	Total lungs compliance [m3/Pa]
Pmin	Negative pressure gradient caused by respiratory muscles [Pa]
Pmax	Positive presure gradient caused by respiratory muscles [Pa]
RespiratoryMusclePressureCycle[:, 3]	Absolute external lungs pressure during respiration cycle scaled to time period (0,1)
CoreTemperature	body temperature [K]
EnvironmentTemperature	external air temperature [K]
m_initial	[kg]

Connectors

Name	Description
replaceable package Air
replaceable package PleuralFluid

Physiolibrary.Fluid.Examples.Respiration

Human respiration model

Information

References:

Mecklenburgh, J. S., and W. W. Mapleson. "Ventilatory assistance and respiratory muscle activity. 1: Interaction in healthy volunteers." British journal of anaesthesia 80.4 (1998): 422-433.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
replaceable package Air
replaceable package PleuralFluid
IntrathoraxPressure	[Pa]
RespirationRate	Respiration rate [Hz]
ResidualVolume	Lungs residual volume [m3]
TotalLungCapacity	Total Lung Capacity [m3]
BaseTidalVolume	Base Tidal Volume [m3]
LungsAirVolume_initial	Initial volume of alveolar space [m3]
pleuralVolume_initial	Initial volume of pleural fluid [m3]
FunctionalResidualCapacity	Functional residual capacity [m3]
TotalResistance	Total lungs pathways resistance [(Pa.s)/m3]
BronchiResistanceFraction
AlveoliDuctResistanceFraction
TracheaResistanceFraction
TracheaResistance	Left Bronchi Resistance [(Pa.s)/m3]
LeftBronchiResistance	Left Bronchi Resistance [(Pa.s)/m3]
LeftAlveoliResistance	Left Alveoli Resistance [(Pa.s)/m3]
RightBronchiResistance	Right Bronchi Resistance [(Pa.s)/m3]
RightAlveoliResistance	Right Alveoli Resistance [(Pa.s)/m3]
TotalCompliance	Total lungs compliance [m3/Pa]
Pmin	Relative external lungs pressure minimum caused by respiratory muscles [Pa]
Pmax	Relative external lungs pressure maximum [Pa]
RespiratoryMusclePressureCycle[:, 3]	Absolute external lungs pressure during respiration cycle scaled to time period (0,1)
CoreTemperature	body temperature [K]
EnvironmentTemperature	external air temperature [K]
m_initial	[kg]
RelaxedLungsCavitySpace	[m3]
LeftLungsSizeFraction	[1]
RightLungsSizeFraction	[1]
LeftPleuralSizeFraction	[1]
RightPleuralSizeFraction	[1]

Connectors

Name	Description
replaceable package Air
replaceable package PleuralFluid

Physiolibrary.Fluid.Examples.CapillaryMembrane

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
replaceable package Blood

Connectors

Name	Description
replaceable package Blood

Automatically generated Wed Oct 11 14:54:22 2023.